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别在高峰期为电费买单

Avoid peak time usage to reduce your hydro bills
来源: Bob Mok
安省电价在近年来呈现两位数增长,但是用户可以通过避开高峰期大量用电而降低电费开支。以下是Bob Mok 探讨分析安省电力系统高昂成本之系列文章的第二篇。读者如欲参照前文,请点击http://096.ca/news/652819。
Hydro bill has been increasing by double digits in recent years. But you can reduce hdyro costs by shifting heavy electricity usage to off-peak hours. Read Bob Mok’s second article in his series examing the high costs of Ontario hydro system. For his first article, check out http://096.ca/news/652819
 
 
 
 
当安省保守党政府在1998年通过Bill 35拆分原有的Ontario Hydro机构时,其初衷是出于良好意愿并是合乎逻辑的。
 
When The Ontario Progressive Conservative Government broke up the old Ontario Hydro Organization with Bill 35 in 1998, its intentions were good and  logical.  
 
 
根据Bill 35,省府还创建了安省能源局(OEB)作为新市场的监管者。OEB负责管控非竞争性市场部分(传输&配送)的价格,并监督批发和零售市场以保护公众免受非竞争性行为的影响。
 
Bill 35 also created the Ontario Energy Board (OEB) as the regulator of the New Market. OEB has the responsibility to regulate the prices in the non-competitive sections of the market (transmission & distribution) and oversee the wholesale and retail markets to protect the public from noncompetitive practices.
 
在1999年,OEFC不得不应对$381亿元高额债务。虽然其中有$303亿元被转给其他新建实体和市政府,但仍有$71亿元债务被转嫁到电力用户头上,从而导致他们的电费账单中增加了每千瓦时0.7分的特别费用。
 
In 1999, the OEFC had to deal with the $38.1 billion of debt. While $30.3 billion were passed onto the other created entities and municipalities, $7.1 billion were conveyed to the electricity consumers and a special charge of 0.7 cents per Kwh were added to their bills.
 
为了了解电耗成本,我们必须先了解千瓦时(Kwh)——这是用于确定电费的计量单位。1千瓦时是表示一件功率为1千瓦的电器在使用一小时后所消耗能量的电能计量单位,是通过功率乘以运行时间得出的耗电量。

In order to understand the cost of electrical consumptions, we must take a look at the Kilo-watt hour (Kwh) – a unit of measurement used to determine electricity charges. One Kwh is a measure of electrical energy equivalent to a power consumption of 1,000 watts for 1 hour. It is a function of consumption rating multiplying to the time used. 
 
对于家庭来说,典型的大功率电器有干衣机、中央空调和烤箱。打开干衣机20分钟烘干一堆衣服会消耗大约1千瓦时电能,同样,烤箱使用20分钟也会耗电近1千瓦时。虽然没有人会连续使用微波炉或烤面包机一个小时,但如果他们这样做,这些电器的耗电量也都会达到1千瓦时。而如果每次只使用其中一种电器六分钟,耗电量将只有十分之一千瓦时。

Typical heavy users of electricity in a house will be clothes dryers, central air conditioner, and oven. A load of clothes dried over 20 minutes will roughly consume one Kwh and so would an oven turned on for 20 minutes. No one will keep a Microwave or toaster running continuously for one hour but if they do, these will also consume one Kwh each. Use any one of them for 6 minutes only and that will be one-tenth of one Kwh.
 
电力一旦生成就无法进行经济存储。与此同时,我们也不可能在电力消耗最低的夜间关闭发电厂。因此,发电厂在夜间会以经过调整的(较低的)非高峰水平继续发电,然后以折扣价出售。

Electricity cannot be stored economically once it is generated. At the same time, we cannot turn off the power generation plants at night when consumptions are minimal. The power generation continues at night at an adjusted (lower) off-peak level to be sold at a discounted rate. 
 
如果你已经安装了智能电表,那你就可以享受三种不同的电(发电)价——非高峰电价、中锋电价和高峰电价。但是夏季和冬季的用电高峰期有所不同。明智的消费者会合理安排用电以节省电费开支。从全年来看,在工作日的晚7点至早7点是非高峰时段,电价为每千瓦时8.7分。这一最低电价亦适用于周末和节假日的所有时段。

If you have a smart-meter installed, then you can get different electricity (generation) rates out of 3 categories – off-peak, mid-peak and on-peak. These peak periods change in summer and winter. The wise consumers will arrange their home tasks to save on their electricity bills. On a year-round basis, for weekdays between 7pm and 7am, the off-peak rates are 8.7 cents per Kwh. This lowest rate also applies to weekend and holidays 24 hours a day.
 
 
在夏季(5月至10月),每天上午11点至下午5点为用电高峰期或最高电价时段,电价为每千瓦时18分(是非高峰电价的两倍多)。每天上午7点至11点,以及下午5点至7点是用电中锋期,电价为每千瓦时13.2分。

During the summer months (May to Oct), the on-peak or highest rate is charged between 11am and 5pm at 18 cents per Kwh (more than twice that of the off-peak rates). The mid-peak times are between 7am and 11am, and also between 5pm and 7pm at 13.2 cents per Kwh.
 
 
在冬季(11月至4月),夏季的用电高峰时段变更为中锋时段,中锋时段则变更为高峰时段,由于换季导致用电方式改变,这一高峰时段转换是非常必要的。非高峰时段则全年一致。
 
During the winter months (Nov to April), the summer time on-peak hours are changed to mid-peak hours and the mid-peak hours are changed to on-peak hours. This is necessary to allow for the shift in electricity use patterns. The off-peak periods are not changed through-out the year.
 
 
对于安省居民来说,充分利用最低电价的最佳方法就是在可以调整的情况下,尽量将家中的烹饪和洗衣时间安排在晚上7点后。因为这些家务运作所使用的大功率电器会消耗大量电能。
 
For Ontarians, the best solution to take advantage of the lower rates is to adjust cooking hours and laundry routines in a household to after 7pm in the evening if those can be arranged. These activities are consuming large amount of electricity based on their appliance ratings.
 
综合来看,我们在2006年(10年前)支付的高峰电价为每千瓦时9.7分,2010年(6年前)的高峰电价为每千瓦时9.9分。而现在我们所支付的高峰电价为每千瓦时18分,比2010年飙涨了82%。而这部分发电费只是我们电费账单中的一部分,输电费、监管费和债务附加费尚未纳入其中!

To put this into proper perspective, we paid 9.7 cents per Kwh during on-peak hours in 2006 (10 years ago), and 9.9 cents in 2010 (6 years ago). Today, we are paying 18 cents or 82% more than what we paid in 2010. This power generation charge is only one component in our electricity bill. We still have not accounted for the Delivery Charge, regulatory charge, and debt retirement charges!
 
 
 
下一次,我们将探讨分析“输电费”,以及各种发电方式及其成本。
We will look at “Delivery Charge”, the various power generation methods and their costs next time.
 

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