不让旁观者的冷漠笼罩央街惨案现场 5-5

 

当四名央街惨案受害者一动不动地躺在央街北部的行人路上的时候，围观的一群人中无一名站出来提供救护。毫无疑问，惨案后出现了“旁观者”效应,即当他人在场时，围观的人们不愿向受害者提供任何援助。依赖他人，推卸责任是造成这一现象的主要因素之一。

When four victims hit by the van attack were lying silently on the sidewalk of Northern stretch of Yonge street, a growing crowed watched without anybody offering help. It was a typical example of bystander effect, where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. Diffusion of responsibility is a major contributing factor to the effect.

但获急救培训师证书的婕弗琴女士却第一个冲向现场，打破旁观者僵局者。她在向受害者提供救护，挤压胸口的同时，恳求其他旁观者参与救护工作。

But the cycle was broken when Ms. Tiffany Jefkins a certified first-aid instructor ran into the scene, performing chest compressions on victims and begged the crowd to step up.

在惨案发生之前，婕弗琴女士正与一位朋友和其幼子Eleanor在北约克的快食中心就餐。就在她们起身即将离去之际，突然看到一辆白色面包车闯上行人道，并连续撞上4名行人后退回车道。她把Eleanor 绑紧在幼儿推车上，让她的朋友看好孩子，然后奔向受害者。

Before the attack happened, Jefkins had just met a friend to have lunch with their young kids Eleanor at the food court of the North York Civic Centre. They had just stood up to leave when they watched the white van mount the sidewalk, hit four people, then swing back onto the road. She buckled Eleanor in her stroller, asked her friend to watch the child and darted toward the victims.

当她向人群高喊要那些受过急救训练的自愿者提供救护之际，40多名人群中有3人走上前来。一名自愿者为第二名受害者挤压胸口。然后，又有一名自愿者从人群中走出来，代替婕弗琴救护工作，而婕弗琴有机会则跑向第三名受害者，再次实施急救措施。有人扔出了急救包，一名妇女拿出大包纱布。正当婕弗琴指导旁观者向第四名受害者提供救护时，有保安人员才从周边大楼中走出，带来令人胆颤的体外心脏救护机。

After she called out for volunteers who had necessary training, three people out of 40 responded. One volunteer performed compressions on the second victim. Then, another came forward, taking over for Ms. Jefkins as she ran to the third victim, starting the resuscitation procedure again. Someone dumped a first-aid kit on the ground. A woman showed up with an armload of gauze. It wasn’t until after Ms. Jefkins coached bystanders through assisting a fourth victim that security officials from nearby buildings began to emerge, bringing heart-shocking automated external defibrillators.

旁观者效应是婕弗琴打算在来年读研时准备研究的课题。这场袭击向她提供了第一手资料和亲身经历。

The bystander effect was what Jefkins plans to investigate in her graduate school next fall – but the attack allowed her to get a firsthand experience. 

最令人发指的旁观者效应的实例非2017年发生在河南驻马店的那场车祸莫属。当时，一名妇女被撞，一动不动地躺在冰冷的大街上，在肇事者逃之夭夭一分钟之后，她又被另一飞驰而来的汽车碾过其身而毙命。痛苦而无力挣扎的她当时未能得到在场的30多名行人，摩托车和汽车驾驶者们的任何救援和帮助。

A most shocking example of bystander effect was the fatal accident happened in n Henan province in 2017 when a hit-and-run female victim had lied motionless for more than a minute before she was killed by a second car. Her desperation was ignored by 30 passers-by, motorcyclists and drivers who were present at the scene.