加拿大无人驾驶飞行器新规定会让飞翔更容易？

 

在过去的几年中，无人驾驶飞行器一直是许多人的热门爱好。相比遥控航模，无人驾驶飞行器在体积和遥控方面都不如航模。

Drone flying has been a popular hobby for many people over the last few years. Drones are less bulky than remote controlled airplanes, both in terms of the flying machine itself as well as the controlling mechanism.  

2017年3月，加拿大引入了无人驾驶飞行器的飞行规定，其中包括对违规者的处罚。但这些规定和处罚只是象征性的，很少执行。

Drone flying regulations were introduced in Canada (March 2017) and penalties were included as part of the rules. Exercise of the enforcement of these rules and penalties are few.

根据现行规定，只要飞行器操作者开心，无人驾驶飞行器不需要加拿大运输部的特别许可就可以负载高达35公斤。超过35公斤，他们就必须从加拿大运输部申请特别飞行运营证书。个人违规者可被罚款5,000元、公司罚款25,000元。如果在禁止的地方进行飞行，威胁航空飞机的安全，或危及其他人的安全，当事人可能会被监禁。

Under the current rules, drone flyers do not need special permission from Transport Canada when they fly a drone for fun and it weighs 35 kilograms or less. Otherwise, they must get a Special Flight Operations Certificate from Transport Canada. Violators can be fined up to $5,000 individually or $25,000 for a corporation. Jail times are also possible if flying is done in restricted places, putting airplane at risk, or endangering anyone's safety.

 

这些禁飞限制包括：飞行器飞行高度不得超过90米；飞行器必须距离建筑物，车辆和人员75米以外；飞行器晚上起飞或降落必须距建筑物、车辆和人员9公里以外；飞行器身上必须标有拥有人的联系信息。

Some of the restrictions include: No flying above 90 metres; within 75 metres of buildings, vehicles, and people; at night, within 9 kilometres of somewhere aircraft take off or land; without contact information marked on the drone itself.

 

对于无人驾驶飞行器的操作员来说，相对宽松规则的日子已经过去了！从2019年6月1日开始，新规则将生效。新规定的要求更详细，且罚款更高。无人驾驶飞行器操作员必须携带有效的“无人驾驶器飞行证书”，并且只能驾驶带有标记和已经“登记”的无人驾驶飞行器。

These happy days with relatively simplistic rules are over for drone flying pilots! Starting on June 1, 2019 new rules will come into effect defining more details and licensing requirement along with very stiff fines. Drone pilots must carry a valid “drone pilot certificate” and only fly drones that are marked and “registered”.

无人驾驶飞行器证书有 “初级”和“高级”两种。要拿到“初级”证书，你需要在网上进行基本操作考试。对于“高级”证书，你必须进行高级操作的网上考试并完成飞行考试。考试费用为25元。高级证书持有者每两年上一次培训课，以确保其证书有效。

There are two kinds of drone pilot certificates – “basic” and “advanced”. For “basic” certificate, you need to take an online examination for basic operations from the Internet. For “advanced” certificate, one has to take the online examination for advanced operations and also complete a flight review. There will be a fee of $25 payable on line. Advanced certificate holders must complete seminar and further training over a two-year cycle to keep their certification valid.

 

我查看了什么是“基本”操作的资格，为什么它几乎对所有操作人都适用。以下为规定细节：

I looked at what qualify as “basic” operations and immediately spotted how this category almost never apply to any drone flyer. One has to meet all of the following conditions :

1）只能在没有航空管制的地区飞行

2）飞行器必须距观众30米以外

3）飞行器不得在观众头上飞行。观众是指与操作无人驾驶飞行器无关的任何人，但不包括飞行操作者和机组人员。

1) Fly the drone in uncontrolled airspace

2) Fly it more than 30 metres (100 feet) horizontally from bystanders

3) Never fly it over bystanders. Bystander refers to anyone that is not directly associated with operating the drone. Among others, this excludes the pilot and crew.

 

除非操作人独自飞飞行器，将朋友带去看飞行，并距离飞行器只有说话距离，这几乎让你立即成为违规者。

Unless the drone flyer operates the drone alone, taking a friend along and standing within shouting distance as an observer almost automatically result in the violation of the rules for basic operating certification.

 

根据新规定，所有无人驾驶飞行器或远程驾驶飞行器系统（RPAS）的最大起飞负载为250克，超过250克，但在25公斤以下必须事先上网登记。登记费用为5元。如果你要用飞行器作为广告工具、飞行负载超过25公斤，飞行高度超过122米（400英尺，大约30层高的建筑物），你必须拥有特殊飞行运营证书。

Under the new rules, all drones or Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) with a maximum takeoff weight of 250 grams up to and including 25 kilograms must be registered. There will be a charge of $5 for this online registration. One will also need a Special Flight Operations Certificate to fly at an advertised event; to fly a drone over 25 kg, and to fly a drone above 122 metres (400 feet) - approximately a 30-storey building.

新规定对不同的违规行为进行处罚。个人违规将被罚1,000元到3,000元不等，公司从5,000元到15,000元不等。如果违反多项规定，罚款可以累计。

The new rules stipulate the different penalties for infractions. They ranged from $1,000 to $3,000 for individuals and $5,000 to $15,000 for corporations. However, if more than one rule is broken then one can end up with multiple penalties.

为了避免飞行器与航空飞机碰撞和其他事故，这些规定很必要。英国希思罗机场最近就发生了飞行器导致机场瘫痪、10万名乘客的旅行被中断的事故。新规则似乎没有广泛征求大众意见，有些地方显然不合理和不现实。无人驾驶飞行器行业和业余爱好者应该游说政府，实现双赢。

New rules are necessary to avoid accidents with aircraft operations and other incidents. Heathrow airport operations were recently interfered, resulting in the disruption of the travel plans of more than 100,000 passengers. The public is not consulted properly as the new rules do not appear to be reasonable and practical. The industry and hobbyists should lobby the government to achieve a win-win for both sides.

 

目前，许多人还不了解现行规则，更谈不上遵守了！就目前来看，当2019年6月1日新规定生效后，无人驾驶飞行器的爱好者们估计都得收手了。

Today, many people are not even aware of the current rules and obeying them! As it stands, the drone flying hobbyists will come crashing down when June 1, 2019 arrives with new regulations and multiple penalties.