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不要小看安省房屋租赁法中的责权利问题

Do homework before entering Residential Tenancy Agreement in Ontario
来源: Bob Mok



拥有多个房产是中国人的传统。我已故的母亲常常对我说:“因为土地是有限的,所以对房产的投资总会随着时间的推移而增值”。除了20世纪80年代,我母亲的话显然是对的。但是,80年代初期,加拿大陷入经济萧条,那时的利息非常高,抵押贷款利息接近19%。许多人倾家荡产,丢掉了在房产上的全部投资。

Owning properties is deeply rooted in the Chinese culture. My late mother used to say to me “Land is finite, so investment in property will always increase in value over time”. My mother is correct on all but one occasion back in the 1980's. That was when interest rates were really high and mortgage rates approached 19% and Canada was in a recession. People simply walked away from their houses and lost their equity invested.



拥有房产的典型做法是将多余的房产出租,等待其涨价。和许多人一样,我多年前为自己退休后的生活购买了公寓。房地产投资有两个问题,卖房时要付增值税(这里的房产是指自己不住的房屋)和与令人头疼的房客打交道。

A typical scenario for owning property is to rent it out while waiting for the investment to increase in value. Like many others, I did it myself when I purchased my apartment and reserved it for retirement years ago. Two issues come up with property investments – capital gain taxes (sale of property other than principal residence), and headache with tenants.

许多业主由于不熟悉房产租赁的法律,结果造成向律师支付了大量的费用来解决与房客的争端。如果他们事先花一些时间来了解法律,他们日后可以省下很多钱和麻烦。

Many property owners are not familiar with laws governing rental matters and they end up paying lawyers and para-legal professionals a lot of money to resolve their tenancy issues with the tenants (renters). If they only spend some time to try and understand the laws, they can save themselves a lot of money and aggravations.



在安大略省,大多数租约需要遵守“住宅租赁法”(RTA)中的规定。该法律赋予房东和房客特定的权利和责任,租金涨价和驱逐房客的规则,并依法成立了房东和房客委员会(LTB)。

In Ontario, most residential tenancies are covered by the Residential Tenancies Act (the RTA). This law gives landlords and tenants specific rights and responsibilities, provides rules for increasing the rent and for evicting a tenant, and creates the Landlord and Tenant Board (LTB).

房东和房客委员会的作用是告知房东和房客他们在“住宅租赁法”下的权利和责任,并通过调解、裁决或提供信息来解决房东与房客的纠纷。

The role of the Landlord and Tenant Board is to inform landlords and tenants about their rights and responsibilities under the RTA, and to resolve disputes between landlords and tenants through mediation or adjudication, or by providing information.



使用房地产经纪出租你的房屋似乎会给房东提供一定程度的保护,但它不能保证不会出现房客与房东的纠纷。此外,使用地产经纪通常要向他/她支付相当于一个月房租的经纪费。许多投资者为了省钱,自己出租房屋。

Using a real estate agent to rent out your property seems to offer some level of protection for the landlord but it is not a guarantee for trouble free tenancy. You also pay the agent  an amount equal to one month's rent. Many investors just want to save money and rent the property out themselves instead.

现在我们来看一下“住宅租赁法”对房东和房客都有哪些规定:

Let us examine the Landlord's rights and responsibilities under the RTA :

作为房东,您有权向房客收取出租押金,但押金不能超过一个月的房租。如果房客每周支付房租,押金不得超过一周的房租。该押金必须用作租约的最后一个月或一周的房租。押金不能用于它用,如让房客赔偿损坏了房屋或用具。而且房东必须每年向房客支付押金利息。利率是当年的消费价格指数。

As a landlord, you have the right to collect a rent deposit - It cannot be more than one month's rent, or if rent is paid weekly, one week's rent. This deposit must be used as the rent payment for the last month or week of your tenancy. It cannot be used for any other reason, such as to pay for damages. A landlord must pay interest on the deposit every year. The rate of interest is the Consumer Price Index for the year.




房东可以加租,有一些特殊条款限制房东加租的频率和钱数。在大多数情况下,房东只能按照安省政府规定,每年增加一次租金。房东必须提前90天通知房客加租,加租通知必须符合政府规定的形式。

A landlord can also increase the rent - There are special rules that limit how often a landlord can increase the rent and by how much. In most cases, a landlord can increase the rent only once a year by the guideline that is set by the Ontario Government. A landlord must give a tenant at least 90 days notice in writing of any rent increase and this notice must be on the proper form obtainable from the government.

在签署租约时,包括我自己在内的一些房东常犯以下错误:

1)收取(超出市值)的钥匙和出入柏文电子开锁器的押金。

2)收取清理押金,以防止租客搬走时可能造成的房屋损坏或清理租客遗留下的狼藉。

Some of the most commonly made mistakes by landlords including myself at the time of signing the rental agreement:

1)  Collect a key and entry device deposit from the tenant that exceeds the typical replacement cost of these items.

2)  Collect a cleaning deposit for possible damage and cleaning upon examination of the premises at the time the tenant moves out.




房东要租赁房屋满足租户最基本的居住条件,确保出租房屋符合卫生,安全和维护标准。租客也可以被要求承担部分房屋维修费用,例如打电话让管道工清理管道堵塞。

A landlord is responsible for keeping the rental property in a good state of repair and obeying health, safety and maintenance standards. The tenant can be made to commit to a small deductible amount for repairs such as calling a plumber to service the toilet.

房东必须在签定租约后的21天内向租客提供租约的副本。对于2018年4月30日以后后签订的大多数租约,房东必须使用标准的“住宅租赁协议”签订租约。

A landlord is also required to providing the tenant with a copy of the written tenancy agreement within 21 days after the day of signing of the document. For most tenancy agreements first entered into on or after April 30, 2018, the landlord must use the standard lease form entitled “Residential Tenancy Agreement (Standard Form of Lease)”.

下一星期,我们将继续谈论安省的住宅租赁法中涉及的问题。

We will continue with the exploration of the Residential Tenancies Act (the RTA) in Ontario.



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