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中英对照: 至少有6种不同口罩,戴哪种大有讲究!

There are at least 6 different masks, wear a right one!
来源: Bob Mok



(大中报/096.ca特稿):在这次新冠状病毒危机期间,人们对是否戴口罩存在很大争议。坚持不戴口罩有以下三大理由:

When it comes to wearing facial masks or not during this corona-virus crisis, there are many arguments on both sides of the fence. The proponents for not wearing masks have 3 main points:

1.戴口罩的人会让周围的人感到“恐惧”;
2.口罩使用不当反而会让自己染上病毒;
3.个人戴口罩将让医疗系统口罩供应紧张。

1.Mask wearers will create “fear” for those around them;
2.Improper use of masks will result in the infection of the mask wearer;
3.Procurement of masks for individual use will deprive the government's health units of strategic resources.

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只有病人才需要戴口罩加深了人们对戴口罩的人的"恐惧"。政府建议不用戴口罩让人们对戴口罩的人另眼看待。但是,政府现在建议自我隔离的人要戴口罩。自我隔离的人被要求与他人保持两米距离,或出去看病时戴口罩。

”Fear” is supported by the myth that only “sick people” wear masks. To perpetuate that myth, Government advisories continue to stress that point. However, that advisory is extended to those under self-isolations recently. When these affected people are within two metres of others or when they leave the house to see a health care provider, they are to wear masks.

由于冠状病毒测试结果需要花费很长时间,而且超过30%的病人没有症状,因此我们实在无法确定周围谁已经被感染。现在,许多欧洲医学机构都相信,正确戴和丢弃口罩可以帮助减缓新冠状病毒的传播。

Since getting test results for corona-virus are taking considerable time and over 30% of infected people will have no symptoms, we really cannot tell who are the virus carriers walking among us. Many European medical authorities are now convinced that masks can help to slow the spreading of the corona-virus when they are worn and disposed properly.



戴口罩可以防止那些不知道自己携带病毒的人传染他人。在病毒携带者打喷嚏或近距离与其交谈时,佩戴合适的口罩将有助于未被感染的抵御病毒以气溶胶形式通过空气而传染。

Wearing a mask will keep unidentified virus carriers from infecting others. For those who are not infected, wearing the proper mask will help to prevent them from catching the virus transmitted through the air after an ejaculation in the form of an aerosol spray when a carrier is sneezing or talking in close encounters.

当每个人都戴着口罩时,“恐惧”会自己消失。本周,多伦多的银行和一些超市本周向员工发放口罩,以减轻客户的担忧。在上周看到大多数企业的员工和客户戴口罩之后,本周我也戴着口罩去购物。

When everyone is wearing masks in the proximity, the “fear” factor will disappear. Banks and some supermarkets are issuing masks to their staff this week to allay the fears of their customers. I wore a mask to shop this week after seeing the masking of a majority of staff and customers at businesses last week.



我们要按照使用说明来戴上和摘掉口罩,以确保口罩的效用。口罩只能一次性使用,并要小心摘除和丢弃,以防自己接触已经被污染的口罩表面。随身携带拉链塑料垃圾袋来丢弃口罩既简单又有效。摘下口罩后,请务必立即用消毒液彻底洗手。

Improper use of masks can be remedied by following proper instructions in their usage and removal. Masks should only be single-use and their removal and disposal must be done with care to avoid touching the contaminated outer surfaces of the masks. Carrying a zip-lock bag to discard the masks is simple and efficient. Always wash the hands thoroughly with sanitizer fluids immediately after removing masks.

许多人对口罩的类型不了解。他们只知道两种类型的口罩,即“医用口罩”和“N95口罩”。事实是,至少有六种类型或类别的口罩可用于健康防护:普通口罩,医用口罩,ASTM Level1,Level 2,Level 3和N95。(编辑注:ASTM是美国材料测试协会,American Society of Testing and Materials的缩写。)

Many people do not know about the different classes of facial masks. They can only identify two types - “surgical masks” and “N95 masks”. In fact, there are at least six types or classifications of masks regularly used for medical facilities : Utility, surgical molded utility, ASTM Level1, Level 2, Level 3, and N95.

前两种口罩对液体,雾滴或气雾没有任何防护。他们不会贴符合ASTM标准的标签,购买它们等于浪费钱。它们只是让你觉得有安全感,对防止病毒传染毫无作用。有时,它们会被放入有“通过ASTM认证”标签的包装盒中,欺骗顾客。因此,买口罩前必须小心并进行检查和测试。

The first two types will not offer fluid, spray or aerosol resistance at all. They will not have labels showing ASTM compliance and buying them will be a waste of your money and give you a false sense of security as they will offer no protection whatsoever. Sometimes, these will get placed inside “ASTM certified” package boxes and sold as such. Mask purchaser have to be careful and make the proper inspection and testing before buying them.



ASTM认证的口罩须在许多领域达到可测量的标准。最重要的是对流体阻挡能力,细菌过滤率(BFE)和颗粒过滤率(PFE)。这种口罩要在mmHg压力下有防流体渗透的能力。 BFE是对3微米的气溶胶颗粒的过滤百分比。 PFE是过滤0.1微米的亚微米颗粒的百分比。

ASTM certified masks have to meet measurable standards in many areas. The most important ones are Fluid Resistance, Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE), and Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE). Fluid Resistance provides protection against penetration by fluids under pressure in mmHg. BFE identifies the percentage of aerosol particles filtered at a size of 3 microns. PFE identifies the percentage of submicron particles filtered at 0.1 microns.

对于1级口罩,BFE和PFE至少为95%。对于2级和3级口罩,BFE和PFE数字必须达到98%或更高。2级口罩是我们去超市购物和去餐厅取餐的最佳选择。如果要去医院或医疗机构,我们需要使用N95口罩。N95口罩的PFE数字为99%。

For Level 1 masks, the BFE and PFE are at least 95%. For Level 2 and 3 masks, BFE and PFE figures have to reach 98% or more. A Level 2 mask will be our best choice for grocery shopping and food pickup at restaurants. For hospital or health care facility visits, we need to use N95 masks. N95 masks will have a PFE value equal to 99%.

加拿大政府会从信誉良好的供应商手中购买高级口罩。我熟知的一位负责卫政府生部门采购的医生告诉我,他们采购的口罩是N95和医用口罩,且要符合ASTM2级以上的标准。

The government program for procuring masks concentrates on high end products from reputable suppliers. After dealing with some Doctors charged with procurement for Health units, it becomes clear to me that they are seeking N95 masks and surgical masks made to American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Level 2 and above.



据他介绍,所有捐赠的口罩和设备都必须进行质量和适用性检查,其中很大一部分被退回。百姓通过普通渠道获得的口罩质量在大多数情况下达不到政府的要求。

According to him, all donated masks and equipment have to be examined for quality and suitability for use and a good portion of them are rejected. Masks available to the public come off different commercial sources and their quality levels are differed from those demanded by government Health services in most instances.

随着已确认的新冠病毒感染人数每天都在上升,人们会慢慢养成戴口罩的习惯,且越来越多的人会戴口罩。在香港和台湾等地区,如果不戴口罩,大多数餐馆将拒绝你去取餐,或进入超市购物。

With the confirmed infection figures rising daily, the tide will slowly turn on masking habits. More and more people will wear masks. In places like Hong Kong and Taiwan, residents are not allowed to enter most restaurants to pick up food or shop at grocery stores if they do not wear masks.

戴口罩的日子将在未来几周和几个月内时兴。让所有人都购买适合自己的口罩,然学习如何正确使用它们,并最终接受戴口罩。

The days of masking are coming in the coming weeks and months. Let us all select and buy our masks, educate ourselves on how to use them and accept the inevitable.





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