中英对照：加国的反警察浪潮是否过火？

在美国警方扼死一名黑人后，美国130多个城市爆发了大规模的抗议活动，也在全球范围内掀起了一场抗议警察暴力之浪潮。这场风暴也席卷了加国，许多政治领导人都纷纷表态声称加国警察存在对黑人的系统性歧视行为，而加国总理特鲁多更是亲自带头向抗议者下跪。随着抗议浪潮高涨，美国要求取消警察机构的呼声此起彼伏。在此重压之下，多伦多也不甘落后，两名市议员提议消减多伦多的警察拨款。人们不禁要问，加拿大突然刮起的这股反警察之风是否太过分了？

Angry protests against the police following the death of a black man erupted across over 130 cities in the US, sparking a global outrage against law-enforcement officers. As waves of protests sweep through Canada, many political leaders responded by making statements claiming the systematic racism exists within the Canadian police, with PM Trudeau taking the lead by kneeling to the protests. The surging protests have prompted calls to defund and even eliminate law enforcement agencies south of the border. Amid the mounting pressure, Toronto wants to join on the bandwagon, with two city councilors proposing to slash the police budget.  But has this anti-police sentiment in Canada gone too far?

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其实就警察的暴力来说，加国的警察远不及美国警察，且加国黑人死于警察枪下的几率也远远小于美国。在美国由于枪支泛滥，美国警方必须以较为凶狠，暴力手段对付各种犯罪，因而美国警察开枪射杀的比率要高于加国的5倍，而市民死于警察枪口之下的比率是加国的6倍。每年美国有1300人死于与警察的对峙，而加国死亡的人数仅仅为26人。在1990年至2014年间，加国发生了376起警察开枪案件，而在2015年一年内，这类案件就在美国发生了至少987起，且美国死于警察枪口下的黑人比率显著高于其他任何族裔。

The police force in Canada is much less violent than their counterparts in the US, and black people in the US are far more likely to die in the hands of the police than in Canada. The prevalent accessibility of guns has fueled the growth of a more brutal police force in the US, which uses deadly force at more than five times that rate of Canadian police, resulting in shooting to death at nearly six times the Canadian rate. More than 1300 people in the US lose their lives to police engagements annually, compared to only 26 people in Canada. Between 1990 and 2014, there were 376 fatal police shootings in Canada. Yet in 2015 alone, at least 987 incidents occurred in the US, with the killing of African Americans at a significantly higher rate than other races in the country. 

许多加国人士难以接受加国警察机构对黑人存在系统性种族歧视。RCMP总长Brenda Lucki以及保守党国会议员戴国卫，安省魁省省长都曾是其中之一。虽然他们都在遭到抨击后改变了立场，却都曾发表声明否认或者怀疑加国存在与美国同等严重的对黑人所持的系统性种族歧视。Murray Sinclair参议员将系统性种族歧视定义为“制定一系列强迫无辜警察采取种族歧视之手段的政策和规定”，但加国的警察机构并未施行这类规定。

Many Canadians are struggling to believe the existence of systematic anti-black racism in police institutions. RCMP Commissioner Brenda Lucki was one of them, and so were Conservative MP Stockwell Day and the Premiers of Quebec and Ontario. While they changed their stance after facing backlash, they all made statements that questioned or denied that Canada has the same level of systemic racism and discrimination against blacks as the south of the border. Police organizations in Canada have not put in place policies and practices that force non-racists to act in a racist way, which, according to Senator Murray Sinclair, is how to define systemic racism. 



RCMP总长Brenda Lucki在接受CBC采访时称：“我对系统性种族歧视行为的定义难以理解。我们的政策和规定都是为避免种族歧视，对此我认为RCMP的警察们每天都非常尽职尽则。”当然她同时承认RCMP的官员们的确存在下意识的种族偏见。

“I am struggling with the definition of systemic racism,” said RCMP Commissioner Brenda Lucki in an interview with CBC. “We put in policies and procedures to make sure that we don’t have systemic racism, and I think many of our members are doing great work every single day,” she said while believing there is a unconscious bias” amongst members in the force.  

即使美国警察机构存在较高的暴力行为，某些美国高级官员也不承认美国执法系统存在普遍的种族歧视行为。美国司法部长巴尔以及代理国土安全部秘书沃尔夫都否认美国警察机构中存在系统性歧视，但承认有些官员在滥用其被赋予的权力。

Even though US law enforcement agencies have a higher rate of violent actions, some top US officials don’t believe that their police system is systematically racist. Attorney General William Bar and acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf all dismiss the notion that racism is a problem in law enforcement but did admit that some officers abuse their position of authority.

在缺乏一直认同，且没有强烈证据指证加国警方存在系统性歧视的前提下，将加拿大警察一律描黑，说他们都是种族歧视者则是对那些冒着生命危险而保护加国人士安全的警察们的不公。而向警察部门撤资则会带来更严重问题，为此加国老百姓将付出昂贵代价。在多伦多枪支犯罪再创新高，去年发生的枪击案件比往年高出36起，他杀案件高出4起的情况下，消减警方开支会给社区安全带来严重威胁。随着枪击案件不断飙升，社区犯罪以成为加国公民最为关注的事宜，且有67%的加国老百姓认为加国警察出色地完成了确保公民人身安全的任务。

Without consensus to acknowledge or hard evidence to prove the existence of anti-black racism in Canadian police, painting law enforcement with a broad brush of systemic racism is a disservice to police officers who put their lives on the line to protect and serve Canadians. Defunding the force creates more severe problems and comes at a hefty cost. As Toronto faces another year of record gun violence, with 36 more shootings and four more homicides than last year, slashing police budget will impose a significant threat to community safety.  Amid the growing trend of gun crimes, safety is the primary concern of Canadians, and 67 percent of whom believe the police have done a great job to ensure.