低价售能源：安省高额电费的又一罪魁
One more key reason Ontario hydro rates keep soaring
来源: Bob Mok
安省电费之高在加国所有省份乃至北美各州中为首屈一指。天价电费账单不仅触怒了安省各地居民，亦导致自由党饱受反对党的攻击。Bob Mok在本系列最后一篇文章中揭示了导致安省电费持续飙涨的另一个主要罪魁——由于产能过剩所生产的剩余电力不得不以远远低于生产成本的价格售出。
Ontario's electricity cost is the most expensive one in all of provinces and states in North America. The sky-high hydro bills have enraged Ontarians across the province, leaving the Liberals facing daily attacks from oppositions. Bob Mok’s final article on the series reveals another key reason why hydro rates keep soaring – surplus energies created by excessive capacity have to be sold at a price significantly lower than the cost to produce them.
读者如欲参阅本系列前几篇文章，请点击:
The early articles on this series can be found here: http://chinesenewsgroup.com/news/654135
我们已经了解为20年太阳能电池板项目和风电项目合同提供高额补贴，以补充电力供应的“绿色能源法”是如何令纳税人付出高昂代价的。下面我们来探讨一下安省为什么还要以低价向省外其他地区电网出售电力。
Now that we understand how the "Green Energy Act" is costing the taxpayers by allowing for expensive compensations to build solar panels and windmills for 20 years contracts to feed the electricity grid, let us examine why we are also selling electricity to other utilities outside of Ontario at a fraction of the costs.
由于发电站以及太阳能电池板和风力涡轮机产生的电力无法存储，因此几乎在生成瞬间就必须消耗掉。唯一例外的是尼亚加拉水电站，因为在夜间用电低峰期时可以将水抽回水库，等到白天再用于发电。
Electricity generated at power stations, as well as those from solar panels and windmills cannot be stored and must be consumed almost the moment it is produced. There is only one exception at Niagara Falls – water can be pumped back into reservoirs at night at a time of low demand to be used again in the day time.
因此，电力的生成速度必须在任何特定时刻都做到电力与消耗速度对等。而控制站和相关设备一直在确保发电量与需求量高度匹配。当电力需求量超过供应量时，供需失衡会导致发电厂中止运行和/或关闭以防止损坏。而北美互联电网则通过各电网之间发电和用电量互补、互为调用和电力调配的方式来保证电力畅通，减少电网断电的风险。由于电力产能过剩，安省已经变成为互联电网中的其他地区电网供电的“银行”，在它们有需要时会以“市场价格”向它们出售电力。
Therefore, electricity must be generated at a rate equal to the consumption rate at any given moment. Control stations and equipment ensure that power generation is very closely matched to the demand. When the demand for power exceeds supply, the imbalance will cause generation plants to disconnect and/or shutdown to prevent damage. The interconnecting transmission networks in North America reduce the risks of such failures by providing multiple, redundant, alternate routes for power to flow should such shutdown occur. With its excessive capacity in power generation, Ontario becomes the "bank" for other connected utilities to withdraw power when needed and sell them at "Market Prices".
许多人因此不禁要问：为什么不在电力需求较低时关停一些核电厂呢？这是因为核电厂从关停状态重新启动后需要2到4天才能恢复正常运行！如果在此期间电力需求有所增加而其他发电厂又必需关停以进行紧急维修或日常维护后果将会如何？无法确保充足可靠电力供应满足用电需求是安省冒不起的风险，因此安省最终只能以每千瓦时2分的市场价格向其他地区电网出售源源不断的剩余电力。
It is therefore logical to ask: Why not shutdown some of the Nuclear Plants when demand is low? Nuclear plants will take anywhere from 2 to 4 days to come back on line when they are starting up from a shutdown condition! What if we have more demands when other generating plants need to be shutdown during that same time for emergency repairs or routine maintenance? Since we cannot take on a risk of not having enough reliable power when needed, we ended up selling this steady surplus at the market price of 2 cents per Kwh to the transmission grid to others.
上所有探讨结果可总结如下：
To put this whole discussion into a summary:
— 安省希望淘汰燃煤发电厂以减少碳气排放量。
— Ontario wants to get rid of coal-firing stations to reduce carbon gases into the atmosphere.
— 为了实现这一目标，“绿色能源法”应运而生，该法致力于推进太阳能、风能和补充性天然气发电站项目。
— To accomplish this goal, the “Green Energy Act” was born. It is focused on acquiring solar panels, windmills, and supplementary gas-firing generating stations
— 由于资本成本高昂，实施“绿色能源法”代价不菲。这主要是因为当局为此提供了高额补贴，从而导致发电成本变得非常高昂。
— The “Green Energy Act” systems are expensive due to capital costs. These are factored into the compensations and creating very expensive electricity generation costs.
— 与此同时，由于一些制造厂关门并且有很多节能措施生效，安省的电力需求出现下降。
— At the same time, the demand for electricity in Ontario has dropped due to the disappearance of the manufacturing factories and conservation efforts.
— 过剩产能而产生的剩余电力不得不以远低于生产成本的价格在公开市场出售。
— The excess capacity creates surplus energies that have to be sold on the open market at a cost way lower than production costs.
安省政府最近取消未来的风能和太阳能发电项目虽然是朝着正确的方向迈进了一步，但却为时已晚。
The latest cancellation of future windmills and solar panel projects is a step in the right direction but they are too little and too late.
在这个惨败历程中，安省自由党政府一直向省民灌输绿色能源可以减少烟雾污染，并且可节省$44亿元健保以及其他开支的观念，但这种说辞至今尚未得到证实。当局原本推测“绿色能源法”可以创造许多工作岗位，但实际上其带来的工作岗位寥寥可数。虽然每年将二氧化碳排放量削减30兆吨的目标得以实现，但减排一顿二氧化碳的成本高达$250元，远远高于碳限额与交易机制所提议的每吨$17元的价格。此外审计总长亦指出，安省的绿色能源运动在未来30年还将耗费纳税人$1700亿元。
Throughout this fiasco, the Ontario Liberal Government pushed their ideology on a reduction of smog and savings in $4.4billion in health care and other costs which are not proven today. Many jobs were supposedly created by the "Green Energy Act" when actually very few were produced. Elimination of Carbon emissions gases of 30 megatons per year is achieved at an expensive cost of $250 per tonne, well above the proposed carbon cap and trade system figures of $17 per tonne. The Auditor General also stated that it will cost the taxpayers $170 billion over 30 years for Ontario's green energy campaign.
目前，安省电费之高在整个北美地区首屈一指。在最近一段时间电费问题已成为反对党以及安省省民的关注焦点。安省政府必须警醒并采取行动消除损害后果，但其却一直无动于衷。最近，安省政府又与魁省签订电力购买合同以作为廉价能源来源，但却没有考虑关停本省的一些核电厂。
Ontario's electricity cost is the most expensive one in all of North America. It has been the focus of the opposition party as well as Ontarians in the last little while. The Provincial Government must wake up and take action to undo the damages but it has not done so. Recently, they signed contracts to purchase electricity from Quebec as a cheap energy source but without considerations to mothball some of our own Nuclear Plants.
由于安省政府至今尚未确定帮助安省消费者减轻电费负担的指引和规划，他们在还有不到20个月就将到来的下届安省省选中将会为此付出痛失当前议会多数优势的代价。
For their lack of directions and planning to alleviate the electricity costs for Ontario consumers, they will pay a price for their current majority in Parliament when the next provincial election comes around in less than 20 months or so.
Ontario's electricity cost is the most expensive one in all of provinces and states in North America. The sky-high hydro bills have enraged Ontarians across the province, leaving the Liberals facing daily attacks from oppositions. Bob Mok’s final article on the series reveals another key reason why hydro rates keep soaring – surplus energies created by excessive capacity have to be sold at a price significantly lower than the cost to produce them.
读者如欲参阅本系列前几篇文章，请点击:
The early articles on this series can be found here: http://chinesenewsgroup.com/news/654135
我们已经了解为20年太阳能电池板项目和风电项目合同提供高额补贴，以补充电力供应的“绿色能源法”是如何令纳税人付出高昂代价的。下面我们来探讨一下安省为什么还要以低价向省外其他地区电网出售电力。
Now that we understand how the "Green Energy Act" is costing the taxpayers by allowing for expensive compensations to build solar panels and windmills for 20 years contracts to feed the electricity grid, let us examine why we are also selling electricity to other utilities outside of Ontario at a fraction of the costs.
由于发电站以及太阳能电池板和风力涡轮机产生的电力无法存储，因此几乎在生成瞬间就必须消耗掉。唯一例外的是尼亚加拉水电站，因为在夜间用电低峰期时可以将水抽回水库，等到白天再用于发电。
Electricity generated at power stations, as well as those from solar panels and windmills cannot be stored and must be consumed almost the moment it is produced. There is only one exception at Niagara Falls – water can be pumped back into reservoirs at night at a time of low demand to be used again in the day time.
因此，电力的生成速度必须在任何特定时刻都做到电力与消耗速度对等。而控制站和相关设备一直在确保发电量与需求量高度匹配。当电力需求量超过供应量时，供需失衡会导致发电厂中止运行和/或关闭以防止损坏。而北美互联电网则通过各电网之间发电和用电量互补、互为调用和电力调配的方式来保证电力畅通，减少电网断电的风险。由于电力产能过剩，安省已经变成为互联电网中的其他地区电网供电的“银行”，在它们有需要时会以“市场价格”向它们出售电力。
Therefore, electricity must be generated at a rate equal to the consumption rate at any given moment. Control stations and equipment ensure that power generation is very closely matched to the demand. When the demand for power exceeds supply, the imbalance will cause generation plants to disconnect and/or shutdown to prevent damage. The interconnecting transmission networks in North America reduce the risks of such failures by providing multiple, redundant, alternate routes for power to flow should such shutdown occur. With its excessive capacity in power generation, Ontario becomes the "bank" for other connected utilities to withdraw power when needed and sell them at "Market Prices".
许多人因此不禁要问：为什么不在电力需求较低时关停一些核电厂呢？这是因为核电厂从关停状态重新启动后需要2到4天才能恢复正常运行！如果在此期间电力需求有所增加而其他发电厂又必需关停以进行紧急维修或日常维护后果将会如何？无法确保充足可靠电力供应满足用电需求是安省冒不起的风险，因此安省最终只能以每千瓦时2分的市场价格向其他地区电网出售源源不断的剩余电力。
It is therefore logical to ask: Why not shutdown some of the Nuclear Plants when demand is low? Nuclear plants will take anywhere from 2 to 4 days to come back on line when they are starting up from a shutdown condition! What if we have more demands when other generating plants need to be shutdown during that same time for emergency repairs or routine maintenance? Since we cannot take on a risk of not having enough reliable power when needed, we ended up selling this steady surplus at the market price of 2 cents per Kwh to the transmission grid to others.
上所有探讨结果可总结如下：
To put this whole discussion into a summary:
— 安省希望淘汰燃煤发电厂以减少碳气排放量。
— Ontario wants to get rid of coal-firing stations to reduce carbon gases into the atmosphere.
— 为了实现这一目标，“绿色能源法”应运而生，该法致力于推进太阳能、风能和补充性天然气发电站项目。
— To accomplish this goal, the “Green Energy Act” was born. It is focused on acquiring solar panels, windmills, and supplementary gas-firing generating stations
— 由于资本成本高昂，实施“绿色能源法”代价不菲。这主要是因为当局为此提供了高额补贴，从而导致发电成本变得非常高昂。
— The “Green Energy Act” systems are expensive due to capital costs. These are factored into the compensations and creating very expensive electricity generation costs.
— 与此同时，由于一些制造厂关门并且有很多节能措施生效，安省的电力需求出现下降。
— At the same time, the demand for electricity in Ontario has dropped due to the disappearance of the manufacturing factories and conservation efforts.
— 过剩产能而产生的剩余电力不得不以远低于生产成本的价格在公开市场出售。
— The excess capacity creates surplus energies that have to be sold on the open market at a cost way lower than production costs.
安省政府最近取消未来的风能和太阳能发电项目虽然是朝着正确的方向迈进了一步，但却为时已晚。
The latest cancellation of future windmills and solar panel projects is a step in the right direction but they are too little and too late.
在这个惨败历程中，安省自由党政府一直向省民灌输绿色能源可以减少烟雾污染，并且可节省$44亿元健保以及其他开支的观念，但这种说辞至今尚未得到证实。当局原本推测“绿色能源法”可以创造许多工作岗位，但实际上其带来的工作岗位寥寥可数。虽然每年将二氧化碳排放量削减30兆吨的目标得以实现，但减排一顿二氧化碳的成本高达$250元，远远高于碳限额与交易机制所提议的每吨$17元的价格。此外审计总长亦指出，安省的绿色能源运动在未来30年还将耗费纳税人$1700亿元。
Throughout this fiasco, the Ontario Liberal Government pushed their ideology on a reduction of smog and savings in $4.4billion in health care and other costs which are not proven today. Many jobs were supposedly created by the "Green Energy Act" when actually very few were produced. Elimination of Carbon emissions gases of 30 megatons per year is achieved at an expensive cost of $250 per tonne, well above the proposed carbon cap and trade system figures of $17 per tonne. The Auditor General also stated that it will cost the taxpayers $170 billion over 30 years for Ontario's green energy campaign.
目前，安省电费之高在整个北美地区首屈一指。在最近一段时间电费问题已成为反对党以及安省省民的关注焦点。安省政府必须警醒并采取行动消除损害后果，但其却一直无动于衷。最近，安省政府又与魁省签订电力购买合同以作为廉价能源来源，但却没有考虑关停本省的一些核电厂。
Ontario's electricity cost is the most expensive one in all of North America. It has been the focus of the opposition party as well as Ontarians in the last little while. The Provincial Government must wake up and take action to undo the damages but it has not done so. Recently, they signed contracts to purchase electricity from Quebec as a cheap energy source but without considerations to mothball some of our own Nuclear Plants.
由于安省政府至今尚未确定帮助安省消费者减轻电费负担的指引和规划，他们在还有不到20个月就将到来的下届安省省选中将会为此付出痛失当前议会多数优势的代价。
For their lack of directions and planning to alleviate the electricity costs for Ontario consumers, they will pay a price for their current majority in Parliament when the next provincial election comes around in less than 20 months or so.
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