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中英对照:灭活疫苗有效性遭质疑

Inactive vaccines' efficacy is under scrutiny
来源: 大中报 南茜(Nancy Jin)
 
 
此前,一些依赖中国进口疫苗开展大规模接种运动的国家在疫情战役中屡屡受挫,中国疾控中心主任高福表示出对中国灭活疫苗有效性的担忧。从南美洲的智利到东欧的匈牙利,虽然这些国家疫苗接种速度在世界上遥遥领先,但却在肆虐的变种毒株面前感到中国进口疫苗力不从心,致使新增病例不断攀升和住院率高居不下。但一些以mRNA疫苗为主流的国家的疫情战却呈现出完全不同的局面,辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗在以色列,英国和美国等国的疫情战中身手不凡,为平缓疫情,减少感染和阻止病毒传播立下战功。
 
Top Chinese health official expressed concerns over the low effectiveness of Chinese inactive vaccines, as countries rely on Chinese jabs for the mass inoculation campaign -- from Chile in South America to Hungary in Eastern Europe suffered setbacks in controlling the raging outbreaks. While the vaccination rate in these countries powered ahead of most, case number and hospitalization rate – fueled by variants has been surging, putting Chinese vaccines' protection against virus mutations under scrutiny. But countries with mRNA vaccines as the major source – including Israel, UK, and the US, seem in entirely different ballgames. The vaccines have helped flatten the curve and send the new infections in decline.

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中国国药集团开发的SinoPharm疫苗在匈牙利的疫苗接种运动中起着重要作用。截止到4月7日,拥有900万人口的匈牙利已购买了500万剂SinoPharm疫苗,且全国接种率达24.9%,在欧盟国家中数第二,远超加拿大的18.7%的接种率。但是,根据“数据世界”之信息,匈牙利在4月初经历了欧洲国家中最严重的疫情危机,每百万人中的感染人数远远超过加拿大的180和欧盟的331。与此同时,匈牙利的死亡率为每10万人中209人,人均死亡率居全球第二。
 
SinoPharm vaccine played a critical part in Hungary's vaccination campaign. With a population of 9 million, Hungary has bought 5 million doses of the SinoPharm vaccine and inoculated 24.9% of the people as of April 7, the second-highest among EU countries and well ahead of Canada's 18.7%. However, according to Our World in Data, Hungary endured the worst pandemic crisis among European countries in early April, with infection per million people far exceeding Canada's 180 and EU's 331. Meanwhile, it had fetched the death rate of 209 deaths per 100,000 people, the world's second-highest Covid death rate per capita. 

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智利的疫情感染率曾在四月初激增,而与此同时,智利的疫苗的接种运动势头强劲,其接种率在全球名列前茅。SinoVac疫苗占该国接种疫苗 的93%, 其一剂疫苗接种高达40%, 二剂为27%,高于纽约市接种率的39% 和26%。截止4月7日,纽约的新病例和住院率都有所下降,而智利的新案病例却在上升,同时住院率和死亡率都高居不下。
 
Covid infections surged in Chile in early April while its vaccine rollout gained momentum, ranking among one of the top countries in the world. With SinoVac accounting for 93% of inoculated shots, its one-dose inoculation rate reached as high as 40% and the second-dose 27%, even higher than 39% and 26% of New York City respectively. While a 14-day average of new cases and hospitalization dropped in New York as of April 7, the infection rate in Chile soared while hospitalization and death rates refused to budge.  
 
疫苗的有效性是疫情差异的根本原因。非活性疫苗的总体保护率落后于mRNA疫苗。 SinoPharm没有提供完整而详细的临床试验数据,而从实际应用到临床试验的SinoVac疫苗的结果则杂乱无章,让人理不出头绪。土耳其的一项临床试验已公布SinoVac有效性为91%,而印度尼西亚的临床测试仅为65.3%。在巴西,Butantan研究所进行的一项测试于1月初宣布了78%的有效率,而之后发布的结果却显示只有令人失望的50.4%。更令人震惊的是,智利大学发表的一项基于实际应用数据的研究表明,SinoVac疫苗在第二次注射后两周有效率为56.6%,但一剂疫苗的有效率仅为3%。
 
The efficacy of the vaccines has made all the differences. Inactive vaccines' general protection lags significantly behind mRNA shots. SinoPharm has not provided completed and detailed clinical trial data, while SinoVac vaccines' data – from real-world effectiveness to clinical trial results -- were all over the place. A clinical trial for SinoVac in Turkey had published the results of 91%, before Indonesia's testing showed 65.3%. In Brazil, a test by Butantan Institute announced a 78% efficacy rate in early Jan, while its latest released results revealed a disappointing rate of 50.4%. More shockingly, a study published by the University of Chile has shown the SinoVac vaccine was 56.6% effective two weeks after the second dose but only 3% effective after one shot.
 
同时,mRNA疫苗有效性数据却显示出其高度一致性。从全球疫苗接种运动的先锋国家以色列收集的数据证实了该疫苗的高度有效的临床试验结果。作为以色列接种运动之唯一来源的mRNA疫苗,为该国取得疫情战胜利立下汗马功劳。在没有严格的封锁措施的情况下,以色列于4月25日已在10个月内首次达到无新Covid-19死亡病例。以色列的数据显示,辉瑞疫苗在预防有症状的Covid病例,住院和死亡人数方面的有效性高达97%,而在预防Covid无症状感染方面达到94%。
 
Meanwhile, the mRNA vaccines have shown consistent results across the board. The collected data from Israel, the world's vaccination campaign leader, confirmed the vaccine's highly effective clinical trial results. mRNA vaccine has led Israel to achieve a stunning victory in the Covid war as the only vaccine source. Even without strict lockdown measures, Israel recorded no new daily Covid-19 deaths for the first time in ten months on April 25. Israel data has shown that Pfizer vaccines' effectiveness reached as high as 97% in preventing symptomatic Covid cases, hospitalization, and death tolls, and 94% against asymptomatic infections.

 
在所有疫苗中,mRNA疫苗对付病毒变异方面为最有效。最新研究显示,疫苗产生的抗体可以有效地结合多个病毒位点,因此即使病毒变异破坏了一个位点的结合,并不影响抗体瞄准其它位点的能力。
 
The mRNA vaccines have also proven the most effective against variants among all vaccines. According to the latest study, the vaccine-induced antibodies are powerful enough to bind multiple sites in the virus so that even if a mutation compromises the binding in one site, the antibody’s ability to target the remaining sites remains intact. 

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中国也在制造mRNA疫苗,目前正在进行临床试验,预计年底前能面世。此举显示出中国认识到了mRNA疫苗的价值,并对mRNA全球疫苗竞争赛中的领先地位表示认可。
 
China is on course to produce its version of mRNA vaccines, with clinical trials undergoing and the delivery date set by the end of the year. The efforts have underscored China's recognition of the mRNA vaccines' significant values and its remarkable success in the global vaccine race.  


    

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